A bruise forms when blood vessels under the skin break. The trapped blood creates a bruise that's black, purple or blue then changes color as it heals.

You can enhance bruise healing with a few simple techniques.

• Elevate the bruised area above heart level, if possible.
• Apply an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel. Leave it in place for 20 minutes. Repeat several times for a day or two after the injury. This helps to reduce the swelling and pain.
• If the bruised area is swelling, put an elastic bandage around it, but not too tight.

If the skin isn't broken, you don't need to bandage a bruise. Consider taking a nonprescription pain reliever if needed.

• Have very painful swelling in the bruised area.
• Suspect a bruise has been caused by child abuse, domestic violence or elder abuse.
• Still have pain three days after a minor injury.
• Have frequent, large or painful bruises.
• Have bruises that begin suddenly or seem to develop for no reason.
• Have a personal or family history of easy bruising or bleeding.
• Notice a lump form over the bruise, which may be a sign of pooling blood, also called a hematoma.
• Have unusual bleeding, such as from the nose or gums.