Common problems related to sodium and water homeostasis include low sodium in the blood or edema, weight gain, hypertension, and low or high sodium or potassium in the blood. Other reasons for admissions include the decreased output of urine, fluid retention, dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, bad taste in the mouth, weight loss and anaemia all of which are potentially related to the aforementioned health problems as well as renal failure and acidosis. Moreover, other complaints include high protein and/or blood in the urine, hypertension secondary to nephritis, edema, impaired renal functions, high urea and creatinine concentrations in the blood.